KMID : 1240020210250000035
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International Neurourology Journal 2021 Volume.25 No. 0 p.35 ~ p.43
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Treadmill Running Improves Spatial Learning Memory Through Inactivation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Amyloid-¥â-Induced Alzheimer Disease Rats
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Kim Sang-Hoon
Ko Young-Jun Kim Jee-Youn Sim Young-Je
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Abstract
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Purpose: Exercise is known to reduce proinflammatory cytokines production and apoptosis. We investigated the effect of treadmill running on spatial learning memory in terms of activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-¥êB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in Alzheimer disease (AD) rats. We also evaluated the effect of treadmill running on proinflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis.
Methods: Using the stereotaxic frame, amyloid-¥â (A¥â) was injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain. The rats belong to treadmill running groups were forced to run on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes per a day during 4 weeks, starting 3 days after A¥â injection. Morris water maze task was done for the determination of spatial learning memory. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3, and western blot for NF-¥êB, inhibitory protein of NF-¥êB (I¥êB), MAPK signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-¥á, interleukin (IL)-1¥â were done.
Results: Induction of AD increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion by activating the NF-¥êB/MAPK signaling pathway. These changes induced apoptosis in the hippocampus and reduced spatial learning memory. In contrast, treadmill running inactivated the NF-¥êB/MAPK signaling pathway and suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production. These changes inhibited apoptosis and improved spatial learning memory.
Conclusions: Current results showed that treadmill running promoted spatial learning memory through suppressing proinflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis via inactivation of NF-¥êB/MAPK signaling pathway. Treadmill exercise can be considered an effective intervention for symptom relieve of AD.
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KEYWORD
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Treadmill exercise, Alzheimer disease, Apoptosis, Inflammation, Amyloid-¥â
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